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Study species

Five lichen species were selected as indicators of swamp forest quality, ranging from moderate indicator value to high indicator value.

Graphis scripta is considered a deciduous tree generalist in Östergötland County, and is only a good indicator species when occurring in great numbers (Ek et al. 2001).

Menegazzia terebrata (VU) is considered a top indicator lichen of swamp forests in southern Sweden, and more specifically it indicates untouched swamp forests with undisturbed hydrology and long stand continuity and it is very sensitive to changes in swamp forest microclimate (Nitare 2000). It grows predominantly on old alder trees, and it is the only indicator lichen that is exclusive to alder-dominated swamp forests in Östergötland county (Ek et al. 2001).

Thelotrema lepadinum is a good indicator species of old, shaded and humid forests of southern Sweden. It is mostly found on deciduous trees but can also be found on spruce (Nitare 2000). In Östergötland County, it may also occur in humid oak-forests (Ek et al. 2001).

Arthonia leucopallaea is a good indicator of humid- and high continuity forests, and can mostly be found on old spruce trunks and alder (Nitare 2000). In Östergötland County, it can also be found on spruce trunks in less humid forests (Ek et al. 2001).

Lecanactis abietina is normally found on old spruce trunks, but can also be found on large trunks of alders. In Östergötland County, it can be found in both humid and drier forests (Ek et al. 2001).


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Last updated: 05/27/14