Rescue dogs (n = 29)  maintained eye contact for a significantly shorter period of time than non-rescue dogs (n = 19)  (p = 0.029) (Figure 1). Rescue dogs had a tendency to spend more time displaying stress behaviours than control dogs during the Eye Contact test, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.058).  

There was no significant difference between the proportion of rescue dogs (n = 28) and non-rescue dogs (n = 19) that chose the correct cup in the Inferential Reasoning Test (p = 0.337). 

Rescue dogs (n = 25) were more likely than control dogs (n = 15) to remember where the treat was in the Simple Memory Test  (p = 0.036) (Figure 2). 

There was no significant difference between rescue dogs (n = 25) and control dogs (n = 10) in the number of tries to find the correct cup (x̄ = 2.36 +/-0.321 SE and x̄ = 2.3 +/-0.559 SE respectively) (p = 0.9) or in the proportion of dogs that chose the correct cup on the first try (p = 0.877) in the Complex Memory Test.