The dogs showed left ear responses towards all stimuli. Although, the magnitude of the left bias differed in the order: meatball, familiar person, food pellet and less familiar person, from most to least left bias.

The dogs showed  more left ear responses when the stimuli were visible (First exposure and Sexond exposure) than when the stimuli were not visible (Pre-exposure and Post-exposure). In the Pre-exposure phase when the dogs are unaware of what stimulus to appear, no differences in ear positions were found. Overall, the greatest left ear responses were for the meatball and the familiar person. In the last visible phase (Second exposure) just prior to the reward phase, this was in particular obvious since the dogs responded with their right ear towards both the food pellet and the less familiar person.