During the entire animal transport, loading is possible the most stressful event for many species, including reindeer. 

Reindeer are extensively kept, they range freely in the mountain and forest areas.  Therefore, they are not handled regularly or have regular contact with humans and handling facilities. Hence, reindeer might be particularly susepteble to stress during handling and more at risk of injuring themselves or handlers due to high flight responses.

Behavioral changes are often the primary signs of stress. Therefore, behavioral observations were used to determine the welfare status of reindeer during loading/unloading.