• 212 vocalisations obtained and analysed in total

• I did not record any: spit, puff or main call with grunt element
• I recorded three different sounds which did not correspond to the terminology of the previous literature and that I called with an onomatopoeic name: yowl, mewl and wah-au

• Hiss, growl and snarl: aggressive sounds, even if it was necessary to point out that the growl was also performed in relaxed context and snarl also in play and stressful contexts
• Mew and yowl: sounds of exploration
• Grunt: playful sound
• Roar and wah-au: social sounds
• Mewl: sound of stress

• Similarities and differences: between lions in Zimbabwe and Sweden and between adults and juveniles

• The most recorded and observed situation: mew in an explorative context
• The most recorded sounds: mew and mewl
• The most observed contexts: play, social and explorative

Mewl in stressful context:

• 0% in Zimbabwe
• 34% in Sweden

Mew in explorative context:

• 22% in Zimbabwe
• 2% in Sweden

Growl in aggressive context:

• 3% in Zimbabwe
• 14% in Sweden